Untangling Brain-Wide Dynamics in Consciousness by Cross-Embedding
Fig 5
Universality of complex dynamics across different awake conditions.
(A) Conscious and unconscious states are differentiated in the space of complexity averaged across all areas inside and outside the visual cortices. Markers represent individual experiments. Results from four monkeys have been superimposed. Note that the data from Reaching, Awake-Eyes-Open, and Awake-Eyes-Closed conditions are overlapped. (B) In conscious states, the complexity and directionality simultaneously increase in the outside visual cortex relative to the inside visual cortex. The convention follows that of panel A. (C) Complexity and directionality are correlated even in anesthetized condition. Each marker shows averaged complexity and directionality values (as in Fig 4) in each single electrode. (D) Anesthetization decreases the bottom-up interaction. The relative embeddedness reflects the dynamical coupling after the baseline change correlation is subtracted (Materials and Methods). The black and gray bars indicate the strength of bottom-up (from visual areas to other areas) and top-down (form other areas to visual areas), respectively. In panels A–C, the ellipses indicate the data covariance within individual conditions; the darker gray ellipse indicates the covariance for the data pooling the ketamine-medetomidine- and propofol-induced anesthesia. The dotted line indicates equality of average complexity. VC: visual cortex.