Delayed Response and Biosonar Perception Explain Movement Coordination in Trawling Bats
Fig 2
Bats’ relative locations with corresponding sound fields and summary statistics of all co-flying bats.
Panel (A): relative positions of co-flying bats with reactor’s sound fields. Symbols indicate locations of one individual relative to the position (centred) and heading (upwards) of the other: blue for chases, green for coordinated flights, and grey for unclassified behaviour. In the latter case, the individual at the centre is picked at random for each pair. Reactor is in the centre with upward heading with symbols showing actor’s positions and with red lines representing isocontours of the reactor’s calculated echolocation field. Parameters: cosine directionality with front-rear difference of 36 dB accounting for both emission and hearing directionality (see Equation (11) below). Source level is 110 dB [29] and absorption is 1.28 dB m−1[22]. Inset indicates separation distances dij, relative headings ϕij, i.e. the angular difference between the two velocity vectors, and exposure angles θij, i.e. the angular position of the actor with respect to the heading of the reactor. Panel (B), (C), and (D) display histograms of separation distances, absolute relative headings and exposure angles of co-flying bats obtained from panel (A).