Multiscale Modeling of Influenza A Virus Infection Supports the Development of Direct-Acting Antivirals
Figure 2
The multiscale model captures the intracellular and extracellular level of infection.
Curves represent model fits to experimental infections of MDCK cells with influenza A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) depicted by symbols. (A) Levels of vRNA, cRNA (dashed, □) and mRNA (solid, ○) of segment 5 (encoding NP) and the amount of virus particles produced by an average infected cell in a synchronous, single round infection experiment (MOI = 6). Particle numbers correspond to the amount of hemagglutinating virus particles and were calculated from virus titer measurements by HA assay using Equation (12). Bars indicate the standard deviation of three independent experiments (two for the 9 and 10 hpi measurements). (B) Concentration of uninfected (solid, ○), infected (dashed, □) and apoptotic (dash-dotted, Δ) cells and infectious virus titer during multicycle infection (MOI = 0.1). Time courses were adopted from Isken et al. and are representative of three independent experiments [35].