Multiscale Modeling of Influenza A Virus Infection Supports the Development of Direct-Acting Antivirals
Figure 1
Schematic depiction of the multiscale model.
(A) The extracellular level of infection comprises the growth and death of uninfected cells, their infection by free virions, the production of virus by infected cells, viral clearance/degradation, virus-induced apoptosis, and the lysis of apoptotic cells. (B) Infected cells are further segregated according to their infection age, i.e., the time that has elapsed since their infection. (C) The intracellular state of an infected cell is simulated using the model of influenza virus replication by Heldt et al. (see text and reference [25] for details). (D) Both levels are coupled via the age-dependent virus production rate, which depends directly on the internal state of a cell and determines the number of virions released into the extracellular space.