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Prosthetic Avian Vocal Organ Controlled by a Freely Behaving Bird Based on a Low Dimensional Model of the Biomechanical Periphery

Figure 2

Sketch of the bifurcations found in the model of the syrinx leading to oscillatory solutions.

When parameter crosses a SNIC bifurcation, two fixed points collide within a limit cycle (A). The limit cycle is born with large period and rich spectral content, as sketched for the temporal series of the variable and its corresponding spectrogram. When parameter crosses a Hopf bifurcation, a stable fixed point loses stability against a newborn limit cycle (B). Close to the bifurcation, this limit cycle exhibits small period and ideally tonal spectral content, as sketched for the temporal series of the variable and its corresponding spectrogram. Both bifurcations occur at distinct regions in the parameter space [5], [28].

doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002546.g002