Simulation of the Undiseased Human Cardiac Ventricular Action Potential: Model Formulation and Experimental Validation
Figure 18
Comparison with other human ventricular AP models.
Single endo cell simulations from ORd, TP, and GB models are solid black, gray, and dashed black lines, respectively. Experimental results (small tissue preparations) are white squares. A) APD rate dependence. Results for APD90, 70, 50 and 30 are shown top left, top right, bottom left, and bottom right, respectively. B) The AP, major currents, [Na+]i, and [Ca2+]i at steady state for CL = 1000 ms. From left to right, top to bottom: AP (with Vm rest inset at far right), INa (inset shows peaks), late INa (not present in TP or GB models), Ito (inset shows decay rate), ICaL (arrow shows ORd peak magnitude; inset shows normalized peaks, which are wide in TP and GB), IKr (arrow shows ORd early spike peak magnitude), IKs, IK1, INaCa, INaK, [Ca2+]i, [Ca2+]i decay rate, and [Na+]i.