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Simulation of the Undiseased Human Cardiac Ventricular Action Potential: Model Formulation and Experimental Validation

Figure 13

CaMK and Ca²⁺ cycling.

A) Rate dependence of CaMK active fraction. B) Ca²⁺ cycling under control conditions (left) and without CaMK (right). CL changes are indicated by arrows. Top) [Ca²⁺]_i and diastolic values (inset). Middle) [Ca²⁺]_JSR. Bottom) J_up and J_rel (inset, expanded time scale).

doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002061.g013