Simulation of the Undiseased Human Cardiac Ventricular Action Potential: Model Formulation and Experimental Validation
Figure 10
Transmural heterogeneity and validation of transmural cell type models.
A–C) Expression ratio in the model (black bars) compared to experimental data from undiseased human hearts (grayscale bars, labeled). D) Transmural heterogeneity of Ito; simulations are lines, experiments are squares. Results for endo are gray; those for epi are black. E1) Rate dependence of APD90 in endo, M, and epi cell types. Epi and M data were obtained by scaling endo data (white squares) by epi/endo and M/endo APD90 ratios from Drouin et al.[50] (black squares). Simulations are black lines. E2) Same format as panel E1, showing epi APD90 at faster pacing rates. Data are from Glukhov et al.[71], (epi/endo scaling, black triangles). F) Top to bottom: Rate-dependence of endo, M, and epi APs. G) Pseudo-ECG, using a simulated transmural wedge. CL changes are indicated by arrows.