Simulation of the Undiseased Human Cardiac Ventricular Action Potential: Model Formulation and Experimental Validation
Figure 4
Nonfailing human fast INa and late INa experiments and model validation.
A) Fast INa. Experiments are from Sakakibara et al.[44] (black squares) and Nagatomo et al.[45] (black triangles). Simulation results are solid lines. From left to right, top to bottom: steady state activation, time to peak (experiment) and activation time constant (simulation), steady state inactivation, fast time constant for development of inactivation, slow time constant for development of inactivation, time constant for recovery from inactivation, and the I–V curve (solid line simulation and data at 17°C, dashed line simulation at 37°C). In other panels, simulations and data were adjusted to 37°C. Time to peak was fit at 33°C. B) Late INa. Experiments are from Maltsev et al.[51] (black squares). Simulation results are solid lines. Top) Steady state activation. Middle) Steady state inactivation. Bottom) I–V curve.