Protrusive Push versus Enveloping Embrace: Computational Model of Phagocytosis Predicts Key Regulatory Role of Cytoskeletal Membrane Anchors
Figure 2
Comparison of optimal computer simulations with experimental observations.
(A and F) Filmstrips of videomicrographs of neutrophil phagocytosis of a zymosan particle (A) and an antibody-coated bead (F). The scale bar is 10 µm. (B and E) Snapshots of our simulations of the engulfment of zymosan (B) and antibody-coated targets (E). Note that the simulations were optimized to reproduce the average experimental behavior and are not the best match to the examples in (A) and (F). The coloring of the cell interior reflects the relative density of the cytoskeletal actin network. (C and D) Comparison of time-course graphs of three typical experimental target trajectories (noisy dark-gray curves, cf. Fig. 1A) with the respective results of the optimal simulations (red) for both forms of phagocytosis. Also shown are measured (light-gray curves) as well as prescribed, simplified cortical tension timelines (blue).