Taking the Lag out of Jet Lag through Model-Based Schedule Design
Figure 4
Schedule and simulation results of a jet-lag schedule.
The schedule includes two baseline days, a 12-hour shift in scheduled sleep episode, followed by 12 days at the new schedule. Panels A1 and B1 are the simulations without a countermeasure; Panels A2 and B2 are the simulations with a countermeasure. Panels A1 and A2. Raster plots of the schedule and simulation results: time (midnight to midnight) is represented horizontally, and each line is a separate day. Black boxes represent the timing of sleep episodes, white boxes represent the timing of wake episodes, yellow rectangles represent the timing of the bright light countermeasure, blue rectangles represent times of >85% performance, and red vertical lines represent time of predicted core body temperature minimum (the marker of circadian phase). The target phase used in the objective function is shown by the light blue vertical line in the shifted sleep. Panels B1 and B2. The performance within each wake episode across all days of the schedule is shown without (B1) and with (B2) countermeasures; each color represents a different day of the protocol. As circadian phase moves closer to the target phase, there is a higher level of performance for a longer duration each day. The countermeasure speeds this phase shift and results in faster improvement in performance, especially after ∼6 hours of wake.