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Enzyme Localization Can Drastically Affect Signal Amplification in Signal Transduction Pathways

Figure 1

A Push–Pull Network

Two enzymes, E_a and E_d, covalently (de)modify the components X and X^*, respectively. The activating enzyme E_a provides the input signal, the unmodified component X is the detection component, and the modified component X^* provides the output signal.

doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.0030195.g001