Predictive modeling in biology and medicine: Digital twins and multi-scale modeling

• Mark Alber ,

  * E-mail: malber@ucr.edu

  Affiliations Department‌‌ of Mathematics, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America, Interdisciplinary Center for Data-Driven Modeling in Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7153-1138

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• Amber Smith,

  Affiliations Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America, Institute for the Study of Host-Pathogen System, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America

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• Reinhard Laubenbacher,

  Affiliation Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America

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• Roeland M. H. Merks

  Affiliation Mathematical Institute and Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6152-687X

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