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Open Access
Peer-reviewed
Research Article
Quantifying the spatiotemporal dynamics of the first two epidemic waves of SARS-CoV-2 infections in the United States
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Rafael Lopes ,
Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing
* E-mail: rafael.lopes@yale.edu (RL); nswartwood@hsph.harvard.edu (NAS)
Affiliations Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America, Public Health Modeling Unit, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
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Yu Lan,
Roles Visualization, Writing – review & editing
Affiliations Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America, Public Health Modeling Unit, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
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Melanie H. Chitwood,
Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing
Affiliations Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America, Public Health Modeling Unit, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
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Fayette Klaassen,
Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Joshua A. Salomon,
Roles Funding acquisition, Supervision, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Department of Health Policy, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
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Nicolas A. Menzies,
Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing
Affiliation Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Joshua L. Warren,
Roles Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing
Affiliations Public Health Modeling Unit, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America, Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
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Nathan D. Grubaugh,
Roles Funding acquisition, Supervision, Writing – review & editing
Affiliations Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America, Public Health Modeling Unit, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
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Ted Cohen,
Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing
Affiliations Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America, Public Health Modeling Unit, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
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Nicole A. Swartwood
Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing
* E-mail: rafael.lopes@yale.edu (RL); nswartwood@hsph.harvard.edu (NAS)
¶‡ This author are senior author on this work.
Affiliation Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Quantifying the spatiotemporal dynamics of the first two epidemic waves of SARS-CoV-2 infections in the United States
- Rafael Lopes,
- Yu Lan,
- Melanie H. Chitwood,
- Fayette Klaassen,
- Joshua A. Salomon,
- Nicolas A. Menzies,
- Joshua L. Warren,
- Nathan D. Grubaugh,
- Ted Cohen,
- Nicole A. Swartwood
- Published: March 4, 2026
- https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013983