How multi-scale modeling can help examine social determinants of health and resulting disparities

• Kyoko Yoshida ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Project administration, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  ¶‡ These authors are co-first authors on this work.

  Affiliation Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America

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• Elsje Pienaar ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Project administration, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  ¶‡ These authors are co-first authors on this work.

  Affiliation Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America

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• Shalanda A. Bynum,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

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• Naomi Chesler,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Edwards Lifesciences Foundation Cardiovascular Innovation and Research Center and Biomedical Engineering, Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7612-5796

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• Mitchel J. Colebank,

  Roles Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Edwards Lifesciences Foundation Cardiovascular Innovation and Research Center and Biomedical Engineering, Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America, Department of Mathematics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2294-9124

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• Jessie Heneghan,

  Roles Project administration, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Public Health Informatics, Computational, and Operations Research (PHICOR), CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York City, New York, United States of America, Center for Advanced Technology and Communication in Health (CATCH), CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York City, New York, United States of America, Artificial Intelligence, Modeling, and Informatics, for Nutrition Guidance and Systems (AIMINGS) Center, Nutrition for Precision Health powered by All of Us Research Program, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York, New York, United States of America

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• Nadra Tyus,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

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• Jasmine Miller-Kleinhenz,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation John D. Bower School of Population Health, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America

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• Bruce Y. Lee

  Roles Conceptualization, Project administration, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: bruceleemdmba@gmail.com

  Affiliations Public Health Informatics, Computational, and Operations Research (PHICOR), CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York City, New York, United States of America, Center for Advanced Technology and Communication in Health (CATCH), CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York City, New York, United States of America, Artificial Intelligence, Modeling, and Informatics, for Nutrition Guidance and Systems (AIMINGS) Center, Nutrition for Precision Health powered by All of Us Research Program, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York, New York, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2633-8651

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