Estimating the contribution of HIV-infected adults to household pneumococcal transmission in South Africa, 2016–2018: A hidden Markov modelling study

• Deus Thindwa ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: deus.thindwa@gmail.com

  Affiliations Centre for the Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4845-7862

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• Nicole Wolter,

  Roles Data curation, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Validation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9526-0133

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• Amy Pinsent,

  Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Centre for the Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, Aquarius Population Health, London, United Kingdom

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• Maimuna Carrim,

  Roles Investigation, Project administration, Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2717-5540

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• John Ojal,

  Roles Investigation, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Centre for the Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Geographic Medicine Centre, Kilifi, Kenya

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3010-1158

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• Stefano Tempia,

  Roles Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Validation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa, Influenza Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Pretoria, South Africa, Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America, MassGenics, Duluth, Georgia, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4395-347X

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• Jocelyn Moyes,

  Roles Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Validation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa

  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8040-1717

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• Meredith McMorrow,

  Roles Funding acquisition, Investigation, Resources, Validation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6363-4033

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• Jackie Kleynhans,

  Roles Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Validation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7081-6273

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• Anne von Gottberg,

  Roles Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Validation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0243-7455

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• Neil French,

  Roles Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Science, Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4814-8293

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• PHIRST group ,

  ¶Membership of the PHIRST group is provided in the Acknowledgments.

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• Cheryl Cohen ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Cheryl Cohen, Stefan Flasche

  Roles Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

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• Stefan Flasche

  Contributed equally to this work with: Cheryl Cohen, Stefan Flasche

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Centre for the Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5808-2606

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