When and why direct transmission models can be used for environmentally persistent pathogens

• Lee Benson ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – original draft

  * E-mail: lee.benson@bioss.ac.uk

  Affiliations Computing Science and Mathematics, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom, Disease Systems, Animal And Veterinary Sciences, Scotland’s Rural College, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom, Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2874-037X

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• Ross S. Davidson ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Ross S. Davidson, Andrew Hoyle, Glenn Marion

  Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision

  Affiliations Disease Systems, Animal And Veterinary Sciences, Scotland’s Rural College, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1468-5867

  ⨯
• Darren M. Green,

  Roles Conceptualization, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom

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• Andrew Hoyle ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Ross S. Davidson, Andrew Hoyle, Glenn Marion

  Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  ¶‡ AH and GM also contributed equally to this work.

  Affiliation Computing Science and Mathematics, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9117-7041

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• Mike R. Hutchings,

  Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Disease Systems, Animal And Veterinary Sciences, Scotland’s Rural College, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

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• Glenn Marion

  Contributed equally to this work with: Ross S. Davidson, Andrew Hoyle, Glenn Marion

  Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  ¶‡ AH and GM also contributed equally to this work.

  Affiliation Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0454-9338

  ⨯