Estimating the cumulative incidence of COVID-19 in the United States using influenza surveillance, virologic testing, and mortality data: Four complementary approaches

• Fred S. Lu ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Fred S. Lu, Andre T. Nguyen, Nicholas B. Link

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1026-5734

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• Andre T. Nguyen ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Fred S. Lu, Andre T. Nguyen, Nicholas B. Link

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, Booz Allen Hamilton, Columbia, Maryland, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7131-6879

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• Nicholas B. Link ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Fred S. Lu, Andre T. Nguyen, Nicholas B. Link

  Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4078-4842

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• Mathieu Molina,

  Roles Data curation, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

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• Jessica T. Davis,

  Roles Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Laboratory for the Modeling of Biological and Socio-technical Systems, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0726-1855

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• Matteo Chinazzi,

  Roles Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Laboratory for the Modeling of Biological and Socio-technical Systems, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5955-1929

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• Xinyue Xiong,

  Roles Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Laboratory for the Modeling of Biological and Socio-technical Systems, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

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• Alessandro Vespignani,

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Laboratory for the Modeling of Biological and Socio-technical Systems, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3419-4205

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• Marc Lipsitch,

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1504-9213

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• Mauricio Santillana

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: msantill@fas.harvard.edu

  Affiliations Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

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