About the Authors

Edoh Kodji

Roles Formal analysis, Methodology, Software, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

☯ Equivalent first authors

Affiliation Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada

Redha Attaoua

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Software, Validation, Visualization

☯ Equivalent first authors

Affiliation Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada

Mounsif Haloui

Roles Data curation

Affiliation Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada

Camil Hishmih

Roles Data curation

Affiliation Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada

Mirjam Seitz

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada

Mark Woodward

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, The George Institute for Global Health, London, United Kingdom, The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, Australia

Julie G. Hussin

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada

Pavel Hamet

Roles Funding acquisition, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada

Johanne Tremblay

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Project administration, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

johanne.tremblay@umontreal.ca

Affiliation Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada

Competing Interests

I have read the journal’s policy and two authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: PH and JT are co-founders, shareholders, and members of the Board of Directors of OPTI-THERA. OPTI-THERA holds a US patent entitled “POLYGENIC RISK SCORES FOR PREDICTING DISEASE COMPLICATIONS AND/OR RESPONSE TO THERAPY” (No. 12,467,091, issued November 11, 2025) related to polygenic risk scores for diabetes complications. Their commercial algorithm for predicting diabetes complications in patients with type 2 diabetes was approved by Health Canada in November 2025. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS policies on sharing data and materials. The other authors declare no competing interests.