About the Authors

Zilu Wang

Contributed equally to this work with: Zilu Wang, Jingbang Yang

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation School of Advanced Manufacturing and Robotics, Peking University, Beijing, China

Jingbang Yang

Contributed equally to this work with: Zilu Wang, Jingbang Yang

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation School of Advanced Manufacturing and Robotics, Peking University, Beijing, China

Yong Wang

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation School of Advanced Manufacturing and Robotics, Peking University, Beijing, China

Tiantong Wang

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China

Heran Zhong

Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation School of Advanced Manufacturing and Robotics, Peking University, Beijing, China

Fengchen Liu

Roles Data curation

Affiliations School of Rehabilitation Sciences and Engineering, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China

Chenxi Zhang

Roles Formal analysis

Affiliation School of Advanced Manufacturing and Robotics, Peking University, Beijing, China

Jiangtian Li

Roles Investigation, Methodology

Affiliation School of Advanced Manufacturing and Robotics, Peking University, Beijing, China

Rongli Wang

Roles Resources, Validation

Affiliation Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China

Ximing Xu

Roles Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China

Jiangang Shi

Roles Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China

Sunil K. Agrawal

Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America, Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America

Qining Wang

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

qiningwang@pku.edu.cn

Affiliations School of Advanced Manufacturing and Robotics, Peking University, Beijing, China, School of Rehabilitation Sciences and Engineering, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.