About the Authors

Yihong Liang

Roles Formal analysis, Methodology, Software, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Sciences and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China

Emine Celiker

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

ec403@leicester.ac.uk (EC); p.lin@dundee.ac.uk (PL)

Affiliation School of Engineering, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom

Ping Lin

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

ec403@leicester.ac.uk (EC); p.lin@dundee.ac.uk (PL)

Affiliation Division of Mathematics, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.