About the Authors

Mingming Zhang

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Software, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, UBC Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, Providence Research, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

Young Woong Kim

Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, UBC Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, Providence Research, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

Chen Xi Yang

Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation UBC Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

Gail M. Gauvreau

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

John Marcus FitzGerald

Roles Methodology, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Deceased

Affiliation Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

Louis-Philippe Boulet

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Centre de Pneumologie de L’Hopital, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada

Paul M. O’Byrne

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

Scott J. Tebbutt

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations UBC Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, Providence Research, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, PROOF Centre of Excellence, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

Amrit Singh

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Software, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

amrit.singh@ubc.ca

Affiliations Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, UBC Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, Providence Research, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.