About the Authors

Noah T. Parker

Roles Formal analysis, Methodology, Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America

Vennis Hong

Roles Data curation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California, United States of America

Gregg S. Davis

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California, United States of America

Magdalena Pomichowski

Roles Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California, United States of America

Iris A. Reyes

Roles Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California, United States of America

Fagen Xie

Roles Data curation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California, United States of America

Nicola F. Mueller

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Isabel Rodriguez-Barraquer

Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America, Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, United States of America

Sara Y. Tartof

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Sara.Y.Tartof@kp.org (SYT); jlewnard@berkeley.edu (JAL)

☯ These authors jointly supervised this work and contributed equally to the study.

Affiliations Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California, United States of America, Department of Health Systems Science, Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine, Pasadena, California, United States of America

Joseph A. Lewnard

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – original draft

Sara.Y.Tartof@kp.org (SYT); jlewnard@berkeley.edu (JAL)

☯ These authors jointly supervised this work and contributed equally to the study.

Affiliations School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America, Center for Computational Biology, College of Data Science and Society, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America

Competing Interests

We have read the journal’s policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: JAL has received honoraria from Pfizer, Inc.; Merck, Sharp & Dohme; Vaxcyte, Inc.; Valneva, SE; and Seqirus, Inc., all unrelated to the submitted work. SYT has received grant funding from Pfizer, Inc. unrelated to the submitted work. The remaining authors (NTP, VH, GSD, MP, IAR, FX, NFM, IRB) have no competing interests.