About the Authors

Shiwei Xu

Roles Investigation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Quantitative Biomedical Sciences Program, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America

Aaron Hudson

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Biostatistics, Bioinformatics and Epidemiology Program, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Holly E. Janes

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Biostatistics, Bioinformatics and Epidemiology Program, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Georgia D. Tomaras

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Surgery, Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University, Durham, South Carolina, United States of America

Margaret E. Ackerman

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

margaret.e.ackerman@dartmouth.edu

Affiliations Quantitative Biomedical Sciences Program, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America, Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America

Competing Interests

I have read the journal’s policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: M.E.A. reports consulting for Seromyx Systems and research funding unrelated to HIV vaccines from Moderna.