iPAR: A framework for modelling and inferring information about disease spread when the populations at risk are unknown

Stephen Catterall; Thibaud Porphyre; Glenn Marion

doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012622

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Open Access

Peer-reviewed

Research Article

iPAR: A framework for modelling and inferring information about disease spread when the populations at risk are unknown

Stephen Catterall ,

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

* E-mail: stephen@bioss.ac.uk

Affiliation Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2642-9289

⨯
Thibaud Porphyre,

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, UMR 5558, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, VetAgro Sup, Marcy l’Étoile, France

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8552-9899

⨯
Glenn Marion

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
⨯

iPAR: A framework for modelling and inferring information about disease spread when the populations at risk are unknown

Stephen Catterall,
Thibaud Porphyre,
Glenn Marion

Published: June 16, 2025
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012622

About the Authors

Stephen Catterall

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

* E-mail: stephen@bioss.ac.uk

Affiliation Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2642-9289

Thibaud Porphyre

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, UMR 5558, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, VetAgro Sup, Marcy l’Étoile, France

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8552-9899

Glenn Marion

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

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Epidemiology
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Medical risk factors
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Land use
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Estonia
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Infectious disease control
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Simulation and modeling
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Population density
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Swine
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