About the Authors

Biao Tang

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China, The Interdisciplinary Research Center for Mathematics and Life Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China

Kexin Ma

Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Visualization, Writing – original draft

Affiliation School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China

Yan Liu

Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Visualization

Affiliation School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China

Xia Wang

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation School of Mathematics and Statistics, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China

Sanyi Tang

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation School of Mathematics and Statistics, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China

Yanni Xiao

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

yxiao@mail.xjtu.edu.cn (YX); r.a.cheke@greenwich.ac.uk (RAC)

Affiliations School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China, The Interdisciplinary Research Center for Mathematics and Life Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China

Robert A. Cheke

Roles Project administration, Writing – review & editing

yxiao@mail.xjtu.edu.cn (YX); r.a.cheke@greenwich.ac.uk (RAC)

Affiliations Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich at Medway, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent, United Kingdom, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, School of Public Health, White City Campus, London, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.