About the Authors

Kevin Tsai

Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Mathematics, University of California, Riverside, California, United States of America, Interdisciplinary Center for Quantitative Modeling in Biology, University of California, Riverside, California, United States of America

Zhen Zhou

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, California, United States of America

Jiadong Yang

Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, California, United States of America

Zhiliang Xu

Roles Methodology, Software, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Applied and Computational Mathematics and Statistics Department, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America

Shixin Xu

Roles Methodology, Software, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Zu Chongzhi Center for Mathematics and Computational Sciences, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China

Roya Zandi

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Interdisciplinary Center for Quantitative Modeling in Biology, University of California, Riverside, California, United States of America, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, California, United States of America, Biophysics Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, California, United States of America

Nan Hao

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, California, United States of America

Weitao Chen

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

weitaoc@ucr.edu; malber@ucr.edu

Affiliations Department of Mathematics, University of California, Riverside, California, United States of America, Interdisciplinary Center for Quantitative Modeling in Biology, University of California, Riverside, California, United States of America, Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, California, United States of America, Biophysics Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, California, United States of America

Mark Alber

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

weitaoc@ucr.edu; malber@ucr.edu

Affiliations Department of Mathematics, University of California, Riverside, California, United States of America, Interdisciplinary Center for Quantitative Modeling in Biology, University of California, Riverside, California, United States of America, Biophysics Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, California, United States of America, Mathematical Institute, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.