About the Authors

Alexander G. Ginsberg

Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Current address: Department of Mathematics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America

Affiliation Department of Mathematics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

Scott F. Lempka

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America, Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

Bo Duan

Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

Victoria Booth

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

vbooth@umich.edu (VB); jcrodelle@middlebury.edu (JC)

‡These senior authors contributed equally to this work.

Affiliations Department of Mathematics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

Jennifer Crodelle

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

vbooth@umich.edu (VB); jcrodelle@middlebury.edu (JC)

‡These senior authors contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Middlebury College, Middlebury, Vermont, United States of America

Competing Interests

I have read the journal’s policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: SFL has equity in CereGate, Hologram Consultants, LLC, Neuronoff, Inc., and Presidio Medical, Inc. and is a member of the scientific advisory boards for CereGate and Presidio Medical, Inc. Additionally, SFL receives research support from Abbott Neuromodulation, Medtronic, plc, Neuromodulation Specialists, LLC, and Presidio Medical, Inc. for work unrelated to this study.