About the Authors

Guansheng Li

Contributed equally to this work with: Guansheng Li, Yuhao Qiang

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America

Yuhao Qiang

Contributed equally to this work with: Guansheng Li, Yuhao Qiang

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

He Li

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Software, Writing – review & editing

he.li3@uga.edu (HL); pabuffet@gmail.com (PAB); mingdao@mit.edu (MD); george_karniadakis@brown.edu (GEK)

Affiliation School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America

Xuejin Li

Roles Formal analysis, Software, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Engineering Mechanics and Center for X-Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China

Pierre A. Buffet

Roles Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

he.li3@uga.edu (HL); pabuffet@gmail.com (PAB); mingdao@mit.edu (MD); george_karniadakis@brown.edu (GEK)

Affiliation Université Paris Cité and Université des Antilles, Inserm, Biologie Intégrée du Globule Rouge, Paris, France

Ming Dao

Roles Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

he.li3@uga.edu (HL); pabuffet@gmail.com (PAB); mingdao@mit.edu (MD); george_karniadakis@brown.edu (GEK)

Affiliation Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

George Em Karniadakis

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Project administration, Software, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

he.li3@uga.edu (HL); pabuffet@gmail.com (PAB); mingdao@mit.edu (MD); george_karniadakis@brown.edu (GEK)

Affiliation Division of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.