About the Authors

Beren Millidge

Contributed equally to this work with: Beren Millidge, Mufeng Tang

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Software, Writing – original draft

Affiliation MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Mufeng Tang

Contributed equally to this work with: Beren Millidge, Mufeng Tang

Roles Formal analysis, Software, Writing – original draft

Affiliation MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Mahyar Osanlouy

Roles Formal analysis, Software, Writing – original draft

Affiliation Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand

Nicol S. Harper

Roles Formal analysis, Methodology, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Rafal Bogacz

Roles Conceptualization, Writing – original draft

rafal.bogacz@bndu.ox.ac.uk

Affiliation MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

I have read the journal’s policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: BM and RB are shareholders in Fractile Ltd, which designs AI accelerator hardware.