About the Authors

Oliver Eales

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft

o.eales18@imperial.ac.uk (OE); p.elliott@imperial.ac.uk (PE); s.riley@imperial.ac.uk (SR)

Affiliations School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, MRC Centre for Global infectious Disease Analysis and Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

Haowei Wang

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, MRC Centre for Global infectious Disease Analysis and Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

David Haw

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, MRC Centre for Global infectious Disease Analysis and Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

Kylie E. C. Ainslie

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, MRC Centre for Global infectious Disease Analysis and Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands

Caroline E. Walters

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, MRC Centre for Global infectious Disease Analysis and Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

Christina Atchison

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

Graham Cooke

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom, National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, London

Wendy Barclay

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

Helen Ward

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom, National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, London

Ara Darzi

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom, National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, London, Institute of Global Health Innovation at Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

Deborah Ashby

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

Christl A. Donnelly

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, MRC Centre for Global infectious Disease Analysis and Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Paul Elliott

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Writing – review & editing

o.eales18@imperial.ac.uk (OE); p.elliott@imperial.ac.uk (PE); s.riley@imperial.ac.uk (SR)

Affiliations School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom, National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, London, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, Health Data Research (HDR) UK London at Imperial College, London, United Kingdom, UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College, London, United Kingdom

Steven Riley

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

o.eales18@imperial.ac.uk (OE); p.elliott@imperial.ac.uk (PE); s.riley@imperial.ac.uk (SR)

Affiliations School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, MRC Centre for Global infectious Disease Analysis and Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.