About the Authors

Ryuichi Kumata

Contributed equally to this work with: Ryuichi Kumata, Shoya Iwanami

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Division of Systems Virology, Department of Infectious Disease Control, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, Laboratory of Systems Virology, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan, Faculty of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

Shoya Iwanami

Contributed equally to this work with: Ryuichi Kumata, Shoya Iwanami

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation interdisciplinary Biology Laboratory (iBLab), Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan

Katrina B. Mar

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America

Yusuke Kakizoe

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Mathematical Biology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan

Naoko Misawa

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Laboratory of Systems Virology, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

Shinji Nakaoka

Roles Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Laboratory of Mathematical Biology, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan, PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan

Yoshio Koyanagi

Roles Funding acquisition, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Laboratory of Systems Virology, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

Alan S. Perelson

Roles Funding acquisition, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America

John W. Schoggins

Roles Data curation, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America

Shingo Iwami

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

iwami.iblab@bio.nagoya-u.ac.jp (SI); keisato@g.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp (KS)

Affiliations interdisciplinary Biology Laboratory (iBLab), Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan, CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan, MIRAI, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan, Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan, NEXT-Ganken Program, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (JFCR), Tokyo, Japan, Science Groove Inc., Fukuoka, Japan

Kei Sato

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

iwami.iblab@bio.nagoya-u.ac.jp (SI); keisato@g.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp (KS)

Affiliations Division of Systems Virology, Department of Infectious Disease Control, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, Laboratory of Systems Virology, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan, CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.