About the Authors

Pablo M. De Salazar

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft

pablom@hsph.harvard.edu

Affiliation Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of america

Fred Lu

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Software, Writing – original draft

Affiliations Machine Intelligence Lab, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States, Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of america

James A Hay

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – original draft

Affiliation Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of america

Diana Gómez-Barroso

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Centro Nacional de Epidemiología, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain, Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain

Pablo Fernández-Navarro

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Resources, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Centro Nacional de Epidemiología, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain, Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain

Elena V Martínez

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain, Centro de Coordinación de Alertas y Emergencias Sanitarias, Ministry of Health, Madrid, Spain

Jenaro Astray-Mochales

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Directorate-General for Public Health, Madrid General Health Authority, Madrid, Spain

Rocío Amillategui

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Centro Nacional de Epidemiología, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain

Ana García-Fulgueiras

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain

Maria D Chirlaque

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain

Alonso Sánchez-Migallón

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain

Amparo Larrauri

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Centro Nacional de Epidemiología, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain, Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain

María J Sierra

Roles Conceptualization, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Centro de Coordinación de Alertas y Emergencias Sanitarias, Ministry of Health, Madrid, Spain, Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINF), Madrid, Spain

Marc Lipsitch

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of america

Fernando Simón

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain, Centro de Coordinación de Alertas y Emergencias Sanitarias, Ministry of Health, Madrid, Spain

Mauricio Santillana

Roles Formal analysis, Supervision, Writing – original draft

‡ These authors are joint senior authors on this work.

Affiliations Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of america, Machine Intelligence Lab, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States, Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of america, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of america

Miguel A Hernán

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Supervision, Writing – original draft

‡ These authors are joint senior authors on this work.

Affiliation CAUSALab, Department of Epidemiology and Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of america

Competing Interests

I have read the journal’s policy and some of the co-authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: ML discloses honoraria/consulting from Merck, Affinivax, Sanofi-Pasteur, Bristol Myers-Squibb, and Antigen Discovery; research funding (institutional) from Pfizer, and an unpaid scientific advice to Janssen, Astra-Zeneca, One Day Sooner, and Covaxx (United Biomedical). MS discloses having received institutional research support from Johnson and Johnson.The rest of co-authors declare no competing interest.