About the Authors

Benjamin D. Lee

benjamindlee@me.com

Affiliations In-Q-Tel Labs, Arlington, Virginia, United States of America, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Anthony Gitter

Affiliations Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America, Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America

Casey S. Greene

Affiliations Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America, Center for Health AI, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America

Sebastian Raschka

Affiliation Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America

Finlay Maguire

Affiliation Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada

Alexander J. Titus

Affiliations University of New Hampshire, Manchester, New Hampshire, United States of America, Bioeconomy.XYZ, Manchester, New Hampshire, United States of America

Michael D. Kessler

Affiliations Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Alexandra J. Lee

Affiliations Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Genomics and Computational Biology Graduate Program, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Marc G. Chevrette

Affiliation Wisconsin Institute for Discovery and Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America

Paul Allen Stewart

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, United States of America

Thiago Britto-Borges

Affiliations Section of Bioinformatics and Systems Cardiology, Klaus Tschira Institute for Integrative Computational Cardiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany, Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany

Evan M. Cofer

Affiliations Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America, Graduate Program in Quantitative and Computational Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America

Kun-Hsing Yu

Affiliations Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Juan Jose Carmona

Affiliation Philips Healthcare, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Elana J. Fertig

Affiliations Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Alexandr A. Kalinin

Affiliations Medical Big Data Group, Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data, Shenzhen, China, Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

Brandon Signal

Affiliation School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia

Benjamin J. Lengerich

Affiliation Computer Science Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Timothy J. Triche Jr.

Affiliations Center for Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States of America, Department of Pediatrics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America, Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Simina M. Boca

Affiliations Innovation Center for Biomedical Informatics, Georgetown University Medical Center, District of Columbia, United States of America, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America, Department of Biostatistics, Bioinformatics and Biomathematics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC, United States of America

Competing Interests

I have read the journal’s policy and have the following conflicts: AG filed a patent application with the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation related to classifying activated T cells. KHY is the inventor of a quantitative pathology analytical system (U.S. Patent 10,832,406). This invention is not related to this work. EJF is a Scientific Advisory Board member at Viosera Therapeutics. AAK is a co-inventor on 4 patent applications related to machine learning applications in biology.