About the Authors

Emily Howerton

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

ehowerton@psu.edu

Affiliations Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Matthew J. Ferrari

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Software, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Ottar N. Bjørnstad

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Tiffany L. Bogich

Roles Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Rebecca K. Borchering

Roles Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Chris P. Jewell

Roles Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Lancaster Medical School, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom

James D. Nichols

Roles Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center at the Patuxent Research Refuge, Laurel, Maryland, United States of America

William J. M. Probert

Roles Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Michael C. Runge

Roles Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center at the Patuxent Research Refuge, Laurel, Maryland, United States of America

Michael J. Tildesley

Roles Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Zeeman Institute for Systems Biology and Infectious Disease Epidemiology Research (SBIDER), Mathematics Institute and School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom

Cécile Viboud

Roles Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Katriona Shea

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.