About the Authors

Zifeng Wang

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Visualization, Writing – original draft

Affiliation Department of ECE, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States

Aria Masoomi

Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of ECE, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States

Zhonghui Xu

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States

Adel Boueiz

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States

Sool Lee

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States

Tingting Zhao

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of ECE, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States

Russell Bowler

Roles Funding acquisition, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States

Michael Cho

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States

Edwin K. Silverman

Roles Funding acquisition, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States

Craig Hersh

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States

Jennifer Dy

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of ECE, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States

Peter J. Castaldi

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

repjc@channing.harvard.edu

Affiliations Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States, Division of General Internal Medicine and Primary Care, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States

Competing Interests

I have read the journal’s policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: Michael Cho has received grant support from GlaxoSmithKline and Bayer, consulting fees from Genentech and AstraZeneca, and speaking fees from Illumina. Edwin Silverman received grant support from GlaxoSmithKline and Bayer. Peter Castaldi has received grant support from GlaxoSmithKline and personal fees from GlaxoSmithKline and Novartis. Craig Hersh reports grant support from Boehringer-Ingelheim, Novartis, Bayer and Vertex.