About the Authors

Sandya Subramanian

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

sandya@mit.edu

Affiliations Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Institute of Medical Engineering and Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Patrick L. Purdon

Roles Data curation, Project administration, Resources

Affiliation Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Riccardo Barbieri

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Electronics, Information, and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy

Emery N. Brown

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Institute of Medical Engineering and Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, Picower Institute of Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Competing Interests

I have read the journal’s policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: A patent application was filed with S.S., R.B., and E.N.B. on July 15, 2020 (PCT/US2020/042031).