About the Authors

Catherine M. Byrne

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

cbyrne@bcchr.ubc.ca

Affiliations Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, Institute of Applied Mathematics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

Christine Johnston

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Jackson Orem

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration

Affiliations Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Uganda Cancer Institute, Kampala, Uganda

Fred Okuku

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration

‡ Unavailable.

Affiliation Uganda Cancer Institute, Kampala, Uganda

Meei-Li Huang

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Habibur Rahman

Roles Investigation, Methodology

Affiliation Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

Anna Wald

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Lawrence Corey

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Joshua T. Schiffer

Roles Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Corey Casper

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Daniel Coombs

Contributed equally to this work with: Daniel Coombs, Soren Gantt

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Institute of Applied Mathematics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, Department of Mathematics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

Soren Gantt

Contributed equally to this work with: Daniel Coombs, Soren Gantt

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Author Fred Okuku was unable to confirm his authorship contributions. On his behalf, the corresponding author has reported their contributions to the best of their knowledge.