About the Authors

Christopher Wills

Contributed equally to this work with: Christopher Wills, Bin Wang

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Software, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

cwills@ucsd.edu

Affiliation Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America

Bin Wang

Contributed equally to this work with: Christopher Wills, Bin Wang

Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Software, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin

Shuai Fang

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang

Yunquan Wang

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Project administration

Affiliations College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing

Yi Jin

Roles Formal analysis, Methodology, Software

Affiliation College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou

James Lutz

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Wildland Resources, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America

Jill Thompson

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Center for Ecology & Hydrology, Penicuik, Midlothian, Scotland

Kyle E. Harms

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Los Angeles, United States of America

Sandeep Pulla

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Divecha Centre for Climate Change, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India, National Centre for Biological Sciences, GKVK Campus, Bengaluru, India

Bonifacio Pasion

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan

Sara Germain

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Wildland Resources, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America

Heming Liu

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Validation

Affiliation Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai

Joseph Smokey

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation

Affiliation Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Newfoundland, Canada

Sheng-Hsin Su

Roles Data curation, Funding acquisition, Resources

Affiliation Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei

Nathalie Butt

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Project administration, Resources

Affiliations School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia

Chengjin Chu

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Project administration, Resources

Affiliation Department of Ecology, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou

George Chuyong

Roles Data curation, Funding acquisition, Project administration

Affiliation Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, University of Buea, Cameroon

Chia-Hao Chang-Yang

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Resources

Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung

H. S. Dattaraja

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Project administration, Resources

Affiliation National Centre for Biological Sciences, Bengaluru, India

Stuart Davies

Roles Data curation, Funding acquisition, Project administration, Resources

Affiliation Center for Tropical Forest Science, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, United States of America

Sisira Ediriweera

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Project administration, Resources

Affiliation Faculty of Science and Technology, Uva Wellassa University, Badulla, Sri Lanka

Shameema Esufali

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Project administration

Affiliation Department of Botany, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya Sri Lanka

Christine Dawn Fletcher

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Project administration

Affiliation Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Kepong Selangor, Malaysia

Nimal Gunatilleke

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Project administration

Affiliation Dept. of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya Sri Lanka

Savi Gunatilleke

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Project administration

Affiliation Dept. of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya Sri Lanka

Chang-Fu Hsieh

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Project administration

Affiliation Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Taipei

Fangliang He

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Project administration

Affiliation Department of Ecology, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou

Stephen Hubbell

Roles Data curation, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Project administration

Affiliation Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Zhanqing Hao

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Project administration

‡ Unavailable.

Affiliation Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang

Akira Itoh

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Project administration

Affiliation Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi Ku, Osaka, Japan

David Kenfack

Roles Data curation, Funding acquisition, Project administration

Affiliation Center for Tropical Forest Science–Forest Global Earth Observatory (CTFS-ForestGEO), Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, NMNH—MRC, Washington, DC, United States of America

Buhang Li

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Project administration

Affiliation Department of Ecology, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou

Xiankun Li

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Project administration

Affiliation Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin

Keping Ma

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Project administration, Resources

Affiliation State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing

Michael Morecroft

Roles Data curation, Project administration, Resources

Affiliation Natural England Mail Hub, County Hall, Worcester, United Kingdom

Xiangcheng Mi

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Project administration

Affiliation State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing

Yadvinder Malhi

Roles Data curation, Funding acquisition, Project administration

Affiliation School of Geography and the Environment, Oxford University Centre for the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Perry Ong

† Deceased.

Roles Data curation, Funding acquisition, Project administration

‡ Unavailable.

Affiliation Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines

Lillian Jennifer Rodriguez

Roles Data curation, Funding acquisition, Project administration

Affiliation Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines

H. S. Suresh

Roles Data curation, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Project administration

Affiliations Divecha Centre for Climate Change, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India, Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India

I Fang Sun

Roles Data curation, Funding acquisition, Project administration

Affiliation Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien

Raman Sukumar

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Project administration

Affiliation Divecha Centre for Climate Change, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India

Sylvester Tan

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Project administration

‡ Unavailable.

Affiliation Forest Department Sarawak, Bangunan Wisma Sumber Alam, Jalan Stadium, Petra Jaya, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia

Duncan Thomas

Roles Data curation, Funding acquisition, Project administration

Affiliation Department of Biology, Washington State University, Vancouver, Washington State, United States of America

Maria Uriarte

Roles Data curation, Methodology, Project administration

Affiliation Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York city, New York, United States of America

Xihua Wang

Roles Data curation, Funding acquisition, Project administration

Affiliation Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai

Xugao Wang

Roles Data curation, Funding acquisition, Project administration

Affiliation Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang

T. L. Yao

Roles Data curation, Funding acquisition, Project administration

Affiliation Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Kepong Selangor, Malaysia

Jess Zimmermann

Roles Data curation, Funding acquisition, Project administration

Affiliation Dept of Environmental Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, San Juan, PR, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Authors Perry Ong, Zhanqing Hao and Sylvester Tan were unable to confirm their authorship contributions. On their behalf, the corresponding author has reported their contributions to the best of their knowledge.