About the Authors

Quan-Hui Liu

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

quanhuiliu@scu.edu.cn (Q-HL); zhutou@ustc.edu (TZ); marco.ajelli@gmail.com (MA)

Affiliation College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China

Ana I. Bento

Roles Investigation, Writing – original draft

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America

Kexin Yang

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis

Affiliation College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China

Hang Zhang

Roles Data curation

Affiliation College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China

Xiaohan Yang

Roles Data curation

Affiliations Department of Engineering and Computer Science, New York University Shanghai, Shanghai, China, Institution of New Economic Development, Chengdu, China

Stefano Merler

Roles Investigation

Affiliation Bruno Kessler Foundation, Trento, Italy

Alessandro Vespignani

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Laboratory for the Modeling of Biological and Socio-technical Systems, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts United States of America, ISI Foundation, Turin, Italy

Jiancheng Lv

Roles Investigation

Affiliation College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China

Hongjie Yu

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China

Wei Zhang

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China

Tao Zhou

Roles Funding acquisition, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

quanhuiliu@scu.edu.cn (Q-HL); zhutou@ustc.edu (TZ); marco.ajelli@gmail.com (MA)

‡ These authors are joint senior authors on this work.

Affiliations Big Data Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China, Tianfu Complexity Science Research Center, Chengdu, China

Marco Ajelli

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft

quanhuiliu@scu.edu.cn (Q-HL); zhutou@ustc.edu (TZ); marco.ajelli@gmail.com (MA)

‡ These authors are joint senior authors on this work.

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America, Laboratory for the Modeling of Biological and Socio-technical Systems, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts United States of America

Competing Interests

H.Y. has received research funding from Sanofi Pasteur, GlaxoSmithKline, Yichang HEC Changjiang Pharmaceutical Company, and Shanghai Roche Pharmaceutical Company. A.V. reports grants from Metabiota inc., outside the submitted work. M.A. has received research funding from Seqirus. None of those research funding is related to COVID-19. All other authors report no competing interests.