About the Authors

Chunhui Cai

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software

Affiliations Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America, Center for Causal Discovery, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America

Gregory F. Cooper

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology

Affiliations Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America, Center for Causal Discovery, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America

Kevin N. Lu

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Software

Affiliations Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America, Center for Causal Discovery, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America

Xiaojun Ma

Roles Data curation, Software

Affiliation Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America

Shuping Xu

Roles Validation

Affiliation Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America

Zhenlong Zhao

Roles Validation

Affiliation Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America

Xueer Chen

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Software

Affiliations Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America, Center for Causal Discovery, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America

Yifan Xue

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis

Affiliations Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America, Center for Causal Discovery, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America

Adrian V. Lee

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation

Affiliations Center for Causal Discovery, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America, Magee Women’s Cancer Research Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America

Nathan Clark

Roles Investigation

Affiliations Center for Causal Discovery, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America, Department of Computational Biology and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America

Vicky Chen

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis

Affiliations Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America, Center for Causal Discovery, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America

Songjian Lu

Roles Investigation, Methodology

Affiliations Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America, Center for Causal Discovery, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America

Lujia Chen

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis

Affiliations Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America, Center for Causal Discovery, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America

Liyue Yu

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Software

Affiliations Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America, Center for Causal Discovery, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America

Harry S. Hochheiser

Roles Data curation

Affiliations Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America, Center for Causal Discovery, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America

Xia Jiang

Roles Methodology

Affiliations Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America, Center for Causal Discovery, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America

Q. Jane Wang

Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft

qjw1@pitt.edu (QJW); xinghua@pitt.edu (XL)

Affiliation Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America

Xinghua Lu

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

qjw1@pitt.edu (QJW); xinghua@pitt.edu (XL)

Affiliations Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America, Center for Causal Discovery, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.