About the Authors

Kai Liu

Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Mathematics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America, Center for Mathematical Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

Brian Chu

Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Validation, Visualization

Affiliation Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America

Jay Newby

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Supervision

Affiliation Department of Mathematics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

Elizabeth L. Read

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America, Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America

John Lowengrub

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Supervision

Affiliations Department of Mathematics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America, Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America

Jun Allard

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

jun.allard@uci.edu

Affiliations Department of Mathematics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America, Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.