About the Authors

Xiaosheng Luo

Contributed equally to this work with: Xiaosheng Luo, Liufang Xu, Bo Han

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing – original draft

Affiliation Applied Science Department at Little Rock, University of Arkansas, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America

Liufang Xu

Contributed equally to this work with: Xiaosheng Luo, Liufang Xu, Bo Han

Roles Formal analysis, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Biophysics & Complex System Center and Theoretical Physics Center, Department of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China

Bo Han

Contributed equally to this work with: Xiaosheng Luo, Liufang Xu, Bo Han

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Software, Writing – original draft

Affiliation Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics and Department of Applied Mathematics, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America

Jin Wang

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

jin.wang.1@stonybrook.edu

Affiliations Biophysics & Complex System Center and Theoretical Physics Center, Department of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China, Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics and Department of Applied Mathematics, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America, State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.