About the Authors

Xiaoliang Yang

Affiliations CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

Zihua Wang

Affiliations CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

Zhichu Xiang

Affiliations CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

Dan Li

Affiliations CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

Zhiyuan Hu

Affiliations CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China

Wei Cui

fangqj@nanoctr.cn (QF); linggengling@163.com (LG); cuiwei@ucas.ac.cn (WC)

Affiliation School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China

Lingling Geng

fangqj@nanoctr.cn (QF); linggengling@163.com (LG); cuiwei@ucas.ac.cn (WC)

Current address: National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

Affiliations CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China

Qiaojun Fang

fangqj@nanoctr.cn (QF); linggengling@163.com (LG); cuiwei@ucas.ac.cn (WC)

Affiliations CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ambient Particles Health Effects and Prevention Techniques, Beijing, China

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceptualization: QF WC LG. Data curation: XY LG ZX DL. Formal analysis: LG WC. Funding acquisition: QF. Investigation: XY ZW ZX. Methodology: LG XY QF. Project administration: QF LG ZH. Resources: ZH QF. Software: LG WC XY. Supervision: QF LG. Validation: QF LG XY. Visualization: QF LG XY. Writing – original draft: XY QF. Writing – review & editing: XY QF.