About the Authors

William R. Holmes

Contributed equally to this work with: William R. Holmes, Nabora Soledad Reyes de Mochel

Affiliation Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville TN, United States of America

Nabora Soledad Reyes de Mochel

Contributed equally to this work with: William R. Holmes, Nabora Soledad Reyes de Mochel

Affiliations Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America, Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America

Qixuan Wang

Affiliations Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America, Department of Mathematics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America

Huijing Du

Affiliations Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America, Department of Mathematics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America

Tao Peng

Affiliations Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America, Department of Mathematics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America

Michael Chiang

Affiliations Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America, Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America

Olivier Cinquin

Affiliations Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America, Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America

Ken Cho

qnie@math.uci.edu (QN); kwcho@uci.edu (KC)

Affiliations Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America, Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America

Qing Nie

qnie@math.uci.edu (QN); kwcho@uci.edu (KC)

Affiliations Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America, Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America, Department of Mathematics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceptualization: WRH NSRdM KC QN. Formal analysis: WRH NSRdM TP QW HD. Funding acquisition: WRH KC QN. Investigation: WRH NSRdM KC QN. Methodology: WRH NSRdM. Project administration: WRH KC QN. Resources: TP MC OC. Software: WRH QW HD TP MC OC. Supervision: KC QN. Visualization: WRH NSRdM QW HD. Writing – original draft: WRH NSRdM KC QN. Writing – review & editing: WRH NSRdM OC KC QN.