About the Authors

Qixuan Wang

Contributed equally to this work with: Qixuan Wang, William R. Holmes

Affiliations Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America, Department of Mathematics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America

William R. Holmes

Contributed equally to this work with: Qixuan Wang, William R. Holmes

Affiliation Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States of America

Julian Sosnik

Affiliations Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America, Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America

Thomas Schilling

Affiliations Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America, Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America

Qing Nie

qnie@math.uci.edu

Affiliations Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America, Department of Mathematics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceptualization: QW WRH TS QN. Formal analysis: QW. Funding acquisition: TS QN. Investigation: QW. Methodology: QW WRH. Project administration: WRH TS QN. Resources: JS. Software: QW. Supervision: TS QN. Visualization: QW WRH. Writing – original draft: QW WRH TS QN. Writing – review & editing: QW WRH TS QN.