About the Authors

Daniel M. Lombardo

Affiliation Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America

Flavio H. Fenton

Affiliation School of Physics, Georgia Tech University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Sanjiv M. Narayan

Affiliation Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, United States of America

Wouter-Jan Rappel

rappel@physics.ucsd.edu

Affiliation Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America

Competing Interests

I have read the journal's policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: SMN reports consultancy fees from American College of Cardiology, Abbott Electrophysiology and Medtronic. WJR and SMN report being coinventor on intellectual property owned by the University of California and licensed to Topera Medical, Inc.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: WJR. Performed the experiments: DML SMN. Analyzed the data: DML SMN FHF WJR. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: DML SMN FHF WJR. Wrote the paper: DML SMN FHF WJR.