http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7007-1395
About the Authors
- Zhihui Wang
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Affiliations Department of NanoMedicine and Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America, Department of Imaging Physics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Romica Kerketta
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Affiliation Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
- Yao-Li Chuang
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Affiliation Department of Mathematics, California State University, Northridge, California, United States of America
- Prashant Dogra
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Affiliation Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
- Joseph D. Butner
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Affiliation Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
- Terisse A. Brocato
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Affiliation Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
- Armin Day
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Affiliation Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
- Rong Xu
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Affiliation Department of Nanomedicine, Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Haifa Shen
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Affiliation Department of Nanomedicine, Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Eman Simbawa
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Affiliation Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- A. S. AL-Fhaid
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Affiliation Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- S. R. Mahmoud
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Affiliation Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Steven A. Curley
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Affiliation Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Mauro Ferrari
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Affiliation Department of Nanomedicine, Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Eugene J. Koay
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* E-mail: EKoay@mdanderson.org (EJK); Vittorio.Cristini@uth.tmc.edu (VC)
Affiliation Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Vittorio Cristini
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* E-mail: EKoay@mdanderson.org (EJK); Vittorio.Cristini@uth.tmc.edu (VC)
Affiliations Department of NanoMedicine and Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America, Department of Imaging Physics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America, Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Competing Interests
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Author Contributions
Designed the research: ZW EJK VC. Conceived the perfusion-based drug resistance hypothesis and designed the mathematical model: VC. Developed the mathematical model: ZW YLC. Performed model analysis: ZW RK YLC PD JDB TAB AD ES ASAF SRM. Performed patient data analysis: RK YLC PD JDB TAB AD. Designed and performed the PSP-based experiments in mice: RX HS MF EJK. Obtained histopathological material and performed pathological diagnostics: SAC EJK. Identified subjects: SAC. Obtained CT scans: EJK. Wrote the paper: ZW RK YLC EJK VC.