About the Authors

Michael D. Karcher

Affiliation Department of Statistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Julia A. Palacios

Affiliations Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America, Center for Computational Molecular Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America

Trevor Bedford

Affiliation Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Marc A. Suchard

Affiliations Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America, Department of Biomathematics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America, Department of Biostatistics, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Vladimir N. Minin

vminin@uw.edu

Affiliations Department of Statistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: MDK JAP TB MAS VNM. Performed the experiments: MDK JAP. Analyzed the data: MDK JAP. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: MDK JAP TB MAS VNM. Wrote the paper: MDK JAP TB MAS VNM.