About the Authors

Shuyi Ma

Affiliations Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, United States of America, Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Center for Infectious Disease Research, formerly Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Kyle J. Minch

Affiliation Center for Infectious Disease Research, formerly Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Tige R. Rustad

Affiliation Center for Infectious Disease Research, formerly Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Samuel Hobbs

Affiliation Center for Infectious Disease Research, formerly Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Suk-Lin Zhou

Affiliations Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Center for Infectious Disease Research, formerly Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

David R. Sherman

Affiliations Center for Infectious Disease Research, formerly Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Interdisciplinary Program of Pathobiology, Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Nathan D. Price

nprice@systemsbiology.org

Affiliations Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, United States of America, Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Performed the experiments: SH SM. Analyzed the data: SM KJM TRR. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: TRR. Wrote the paper: SM NDP DRS. Developed and modified the software used in analysis: SM. Performed metabolic network comparison analysis: SLZ. Designed validation experiments: NDP DRS SM. Conceived of the study and led the design: NDP.